The ECPD was honored to have welcomed Emeritus Professor Raj Bhopal from the University of Edinburgh on April 3, 2025 for a distinguished lecture titled “The Benefits and Harms of Ethnic Group Classification in Multicultural Societies.” Professor Bhopal, drawing from a lifelong career in epidemiology and public health, addressed one of the pressing issues of modern public health: how race, ethnicity, and other related variables are used – and sometimes misused – in health data and policy.
In case you have missed it, watch a recording of the lecture here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y7cga2EKLZo
Key Themes and Controversies in Ethnic Classification
Ethnic classification is the process in whereby diverse so-called ‘races’, ‘cultures’ or ‘ethnicities’ are grouped under a common term, like ‘Asian’, often for statistical purposes. Ethnic classification has long been called into question, considering its deep historical entanglement with discrimination and social inequality. During the lecture, Professor Bhopal highlighted that, when used responsibly, such classifications are important for identifying disparities in health outcomes and delivering equitable care. Classifications based on ancestry, culture, or religion can provide valuable insights into disease patterns and treatment outcomes, particularly in diverse and multicultural societies.
Public Health Impact and Case Studies
Throughout the lecture, Professor Bhopal provided various examples from countries such as the UK and Germany to illustrate his arguments. He explained that ethnic data can reveal valuable information on how disease is distributed across populations. However, it was also stressed that without communication, careful contextualization and diversity-oriented training, data can be used to promote stereotypes and deepen divides.
A Path Toward Ethical and Inclusive Practice
One of the key takeaways from the lecture was that communities being classified should be involved in the research process itself. Professor Bhopal stressed that to be able to promote transparency, respect, and cultural sensitivity, it is essential to pay attention not only to how the data are collected, but also how they are interpreted and applied in policy.
This lecture is a powerful reminder that researchers and policy makers have to always keep in mind social responsibility to promote scientific rigor and social equity by carefully balancing the benefits and risks of ethnic classification.
Author: Fakhriyya Shiraliyeva
Below you can find some impressions from the event.
